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Introduction Back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints worldwide. At some point in life, most adults experience pain in back that interferes with work, sleep, or daily routines. While some episodes are short-lived, others gradually develop into persistent discomfort that affects the overall quality of life. Among all spinal complaints, lower back pain is the most frequently reported. The lower spine carries much of the body’s weight and absorbs mechanical

Introduction Muscle pain can quietly interfere with everyday life. It may begin as stiffness in the neck after long hours at a desk, tightness in the shoulders from stress, or persistent discomfort in the lower back after physical activity. When these symptoms do not resolve with rest or stretching, people often look for targeted solutions that address the source rather than temporarily masking the discomfort. Dry needling has become an increasingly recognised option within p